Final modifications

Let's modify our new_puzzle method a bit, and demonstrate how a smart contract author might use base64-encoded arguments.

In the previous chapter we had a fairly long NEAR CLI command that called the new_puzzle, providing it the parameters for all the clues. Having these lengthy parameters on the CLI might get cumbersome. There may be issues needing to escape single or double quotes, and each operating system may wish for a different format on the Terminal or Command Prompt.

We're going to send all the arguments as a base64-encoded string, and make this a bit simpler. For this, we're going to use Base64VecU8 from the SDK.

`Base64VecU8` is great for binary payloads

What we're doing makes sense, but it's worth noting that it's perhaps more common to use Base64VecU8 when sending binary parameters.

Read more about it here.

First we'll set up a struct for the arguments we're expecting:

contract/src/lib.rs

See full example on GitHub

Then we modify our new_puzzle method like so:

contract/src/lib.rs

See full example on GitHub

We can take our original arguments and base64 encode them, using whatever method you prefer. There are plenty of online tool, Terminal commands, and open source applications like Boop.

We'll copy this:

{
  "answer_pk": "ed25519:7PkKPmVUXcupA5oU8d6TbgyMwzFe8tPV6eV1KGwgo9xg",
  "dimensions": {
   "x": 11,
   "y": 10
  },
  "answers": [
   {
     "num": 1,
     "start": {
       "x": 0,
       "y": 1
     },
     "direction": "Across",
     "length": 12,
     "clue": "NEAR transactions are more ______ instead of atomic."
   },
   {
     "num": 2,
     "start": {
       "x": 6,
       "y": 0
     },
     "direction": "Down",
     "length": 7,
     "clue": "In a smart contract, when performing an Action, you use this in Rust."
   },
   {
     "num": 3,
     "start": {
       "x": 9,
       "y": 0
     },
     "direction": "Down",
     "length": 6,
     "clue": "In docs.rs when you search for the near-sdk crate, these items a considered a what: collections, env, json_types."
   },
   {
     "num": 4,
     "start": {
       "x": 1,
       "y": 1
     },
     "direction": "Down",
     "length": 10,
     "clue": "A series of words that can deterministically generate a private key."
   },
   {
     "num": 5,
     "start": {
       "x": 1,
       "y": 3
     },
     "direction": "Across",
     "length": 3,
     "clue": "When doing high-level cross-contract calls, we import this that ends in _contract. When calling ourselves in a callback, it is convention to call it THIS_self."
   },
   {
     "num": 6,
     "start": {
       "x": 0,
       "y": 8
     },
     "direction": "Across",
     "length": 8,
     "clue": "Use this to determine the execution outcome of a cross-contract call or Action."
   },
   {
     "num": 7,
     "start": {
       "x": 4,
       "y": 6
     },
     "direction": "Across",
     "length": 4,
     "clue": "You chain this syntax onto a promise in order to schedule a callback afterward."
   }
  ]
}

and base64 encode it:

Animated gif of parameters getting base64 encoded with the program Boop

Now we can build and run the new crossword puzzle contract as we have before:

./build.sh

export NEAR_ACCT=crossword.friend.testnet
export PARENT_ACCT=friend.testnet
near delete $NEAR_ACCT $PARENT_ACCT
near create-account $NEAR_ACCT --masterAccount $PARENT_ACCT
near deploy $NEAR_ACCT --wasmFile res/crossword_tutorial_chapter_3.wasm --initFunction new --initArgs '{"owner_id": "'$NEAR_ACCT'", "creator_account": "testnet"}'
near call $NEAR_ACCT new_puzzle '{
  "args": "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"
}' --accountId $NEAR_ACCT

Back at the project root (not in the contract directory) we can run our app and see the new crossword puzzle:

CONTRACT_NAME=crossword.friend.testnet npm run start

Wrapping up#

Once you understand cross-contract calls and callbacks and where the logic should go, you can build just about anything on NEAR.

This might be a good time for a reminder that this crossword puzzle, which checks permissions to methods based on a public key, is a bit unusual. It's more common to have simple collections or mappings for allowed users, or utilize the owner_id field we set up. The account and access key system in NEAR is quite powerful, and hopefully this tutorial helps stretch the limits of what's possible, like the seamless onboarding we have with the crossword puzzle.

Again, the final code for this chapter:

https://github.com/near-examples/crossword-tutorial-chapter-3

Happy hacking!

Base64VecU8 is great for binary payloads

Wrapping up#

`Base64VecU8` is great for binary payloads